人乳头瘤病毒感染和阴道微环境紊乱与宫颈病变的关系

目的 探讨人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）感染和阴道微环境紊乱与宫颈病变的关系及其交互效应。方法 从课题组前期建立的自然人群队列中选取基线调查时确定的正常宫颈（NC）妇女623人、低度宫颈病变（CIN Ⅰ）妇女303人及高度宫颈病变（CIN Ⅱ/Ⅲ）妇女93人为研究对象。以NC为对照组、CIN为病例组，采用病例对照研究方法，在收集研究对象人口学特征、生殖情况、生活习惯、既往病史宫颈病变相关因素的基础上，应用导流杂交法检测HPV分型，需氧菌性阴道炎/细菌性阴道炎联合检测试剂盒检测阴道分泌物中的H₂O₂，精密pH试纸检测阴道pH值，涂片法检测阴道清洁度。利用SPSS 20.0软件进行相关资料的分析。结果 HPV（CINⅠ：aOR=1.39，95% CI：1.01~1.90；CIN Ⅱ/Ⅲ：aOR=11.74，95% CI：6.96~19.80）、H₂O₂（CINⅠ：aOR=2.09，95% CI：1.47~2.98；CIN Ⅱ/Ⅲ：aOR=4.12，95% CI：2.01~8.43）、清洁度（CIN Ⅱ/Ⅲ：aOR=2.62，95% CI：1.65~4.14）和综合指标（CIN Ⅰ：aOR=1.67，95% CI：1.24~2.25；CIN Ⅱ/Ⅲ：aOR=4.24，95% CI：2.30~7.81）均可增加宫颈病变的患病风险，随着宫颈病变的进展，HPV（趋势性χ²=81.33，P<0.001）感染率、阴道pH值（趋势性χ²=5.06，P=0.024）、H₂O₂（趋势性χ²=26.19，P<0.001）、清洁度（趋势性χ²=19.55，P<0.001）和综合指标（趋势性χ²=30.50，P<0.001）的异常率均呈逐渐升高趋势。交互作用分析显示，HPV感染与阴道微环境的综合指标在CIN Ⅱ/Ⅲ组中显示有正相加交互作用，而无论HPV感染与否，阴道微环境紊乱致CIN Ⅰ的OR值比较接近。结论 HPV感染和阴道微环境紊乱均可增加宫颈病变的患病风险，尤其在CIN Ⅱ/Ⅲ发生发展中两者可能存在协同作用，而在CIN Ⅰ发生中阴道微环境紊乱的作用不可忽视。     

mTOR通路抑制剂雷帕霉素对真菌性角膜炎小鼠角膜瘢痕化的影响

目的　探讨mTOR通路抑制剂雷帕霉素对真菌性角膜炎小鼠角膜瘢痕化的影响。方法　取96只SPF级C57BL/6J雄性小鼠,随机分为雷帕霉素组和对照组，每组各48只。两组小鼠同时建立真菌性角膜炎模型。雷帕霉素组模型制作前1 d按6.0 mg·kg^-1雷帕霉素对小鼠进行腹腔注射预处理，之后按0.2 g·L^-1浓度在结膜下注射5 μL，持续3 d；对照组注射PBS溶液。造模后对各组小鼠进行角膜临床评分，Western blot和实时荧光定量PCR分别检测造模后各组小鼠不同时间角膜LC-3Ⅱ、α-SMA和 TGF-β1表达情况。结果　造模后24 h、48 h、72 h、96 h、120 h、144 h、336 h，对照组小鼠角膜临床评分均明显高于雷帕霉素组，差异均有统计学意义(均为P＜0.05) 。造模后144 h、216 h雷帕霉素组小鼠角膜LC-3Ⅱ表达上调，LC-3Ⅱ蛋白和mRNA相对表达量与对照组相比，差异均有统计学意义（均为P<0.05）；而在造模后72 h及336 h两组LC-3Ⅱ蛋白和mRNA相对表达量差异均无统计学意义（均为P>0.05）。与对照组相比，造模后144 h、216 h雷帕霉素组小鼠角膜α-SMA蛋白及 mRNA相对表达量下降，差异均有统计学意义（均为P<0.05）；造模后144 h、336 h雷帕霉素组TGF-β1 mRNA相对表达量亦下降，与对照组相比，差异均有统计学意义（均为P＜0.05）。结论　雷帕霉素通过促进自噬作用下调角膜瘢痕化相关因子的表达，减轻了真菌性角膜炎模型小鼠角膜瘢痕化程度。     

Psychiatric Advance Directives and their relevance to improving psychiatric care in Asian countries

People with mental illness may be unable to provide critical input about the care they wish to receive during a psychiatric crisis because of altered mental states. It is therefore imperative that clinicians seek to understand service users' wishes for care while they are well and able to provide meaningful input into the discussion. Achieving such an end may be done by discussing and completing a psychiatric advance directive. However, very few Asian countries have legislation that supports such advance directives. The present article seeks to give physicians more information about advance psychiatric directives and the potential role they could play to improve the healthcare provided in Asia to people at risk of losing capacity due to a mental illness. The degree to which mental health legislation supports psychiatric advance directives is documented for each country of South East Asia and Eastern Asia.     

孟文瑞《春脚集》学术特色

清代医家孟文瑞撰《春脚集》,共四卷,是一部综合性方剂类著作,临床实用性强。卷一至卷三以人体部位分部设篇,再按病证列方;卷四以内、外、妇、儿分设专篇选方。集历代成方、验方484首。《春脚集》将人体部位共分为十七部,方便读者按图索骥,根据病位、症状检索方剂,便于临床用药。全书选方体现了中医独具特色的“简、便、验”精髓。     

Review of imaging and endovascular intervention of iliocaval venous compression syndrome

Iliocaval venous compression syndrome (ICS) is the extrinsic compression of the common iliac vein by the overlying iliac artery against the vertebra. Chronic compression can lead to venous stenosis and stasis, which manifests as chronic venous disease and treatment resistance. Therefore, early recognition of ICS and prompt treatment are essential. Clinical presentations of ICS can be ambiguous and diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion with the relevant imaging studies. The initial imaging test is typically a Duplex ultrasound for vessel assessment and pelvic ultrasound to exclude a compressive mass, which is followed by computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance (MR) venography. CT and MRI can identify the anatomical causes for venous compression. In patients with high clinical suspicion for ICS, negative findings on CT and MR venography would still warrant further investigations. Definitive diagnosis can be established using catheter-based venography complemented with intravascular ultrasonography but the nature of their invasiveness limits its utility as a routine imaging modality. In this review paper, we will discuss the evidence, utility and limitations of the existing imaging modalities and endovascular intervention used in the management of ICS.     

颅内动脉夹层的发病机制、影像学特点和自然病程

颅内动脉夹层相比颅外动脉夹层较少见，且临床表现缺乏特异性，既可以表现为缺血性 事件，也可以表现为出血性事件，多发生于年轻人。由于夹层发生部位、形成时机以及病变严重程度 不同，临床表现各种各样，影像学对于确诊动脉夹层至关重要。颅内动脉夹层易复发，且死亡率较高， 除无症状或症状轻微的患者给予保守治疗或随访观察外，对于症状较重或进展性动脉夹层患者，应 给予积极治疗，包括血管内治疗。     

33 例非免疫性胎儿水肿临床特征及转归

目的探讨非免疫性胎儿水肿(NIHF)临床特征及转归。方法回顾分析2014年1月—2016年12月收治的33例NIHF新生儿的临床资料,将其分为死亡组和治愈组,进行两组间各因素的比较分析。结果 33例患儿中,男16例、女17例,中位胎龄33.4周(31.2～35.1周),出生体质量(2 714±712)g,死亡20例。死亡组出生体质量、1分钟及5分钟Apgar评分低于治愈组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。新生儿产时复苏插管组和未插管组的母亲孕期合并症发生率及宫内干预率的差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。宫内干预是导致新生儿需产时复苏的独立危险因素(OR=15.30,95%CI:2.46～95.19);1分钟Apgar评分是NIHF疾病转归的独立危险因素(OR=1.75,95%CI:1.20～2.53),评分越低、死亡率越高。结论宫内干预与产时需要复苏有关,而1分钟Apgar评分是影响NIHF结局的重要因素。     

Next-generation sequencing through multigene panel testing for the diagnosis of hereditary epidermolysis bullosa in Chinese population

Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a heritable blistering disorder. We performed a next-generation sequencing-based multigene panel test and successfully predicted 100% of the EB types, including, 36 EB simplex (EBS), 13 junctional EB (JEB), 86 dystrophic EB (DEB), and 3 Kindler EB. Chinese JEB and recessive DEB (RDEB) patients have relatively mild phenotypes; for severe type separately accounts for 45.5% and 23.8%, respectively. We identified 96 novel and 49 recurrent pathogenic variants in 11 genes, although we failed to detect the second mutation in one JEB and five RDEB patients. We identified one novel p.E475K mosaic mutation in the clinically normal mother of one out of 13 EBS patients with KRT5 mutations, one recurrent p.G2034R mosaic mutation, and one novel p.G2043R mosaic mutation in the clinically normal relatives of two out of 19 dominant DEB patients. This study shows that next-generation technology could be an effective tool in diagnosing EB.     

基于流程化沟通模式的健康教育对老年患者视频脑电图监测成功率及配合率的影响

目的对老年患者基于流程化沟通模式的健康教育下进行视频脑电图(VEEG)监测,探讨此模式对此类患者监测成功率及主动配合率的影响。方法选择2017年9月-2019年9月因疑似癫痫、脑炎等疾病需在遂宁市中心医院接受VEEG监测的患者118例进行研究(患者年龄61~73岁;男54例,女64例)。采用随机数字表法将患者分为2组,每组各59例。A组行常规护理,B组在此基础上加以基于流程化沟通模式的健康教育。对比两组患者监测成功率、负性情绪、主动配合率及护理满意度。结果B组脑电监测总成功效率为86.44%,显著高于A组的76.27%(P<0.05)。护理干预后两组患者焦虑、抑郁维度得分均显著下降,但B组下降幅度更大(P<0.05)。B组患者主动配合率、护理满意度均显著高于A组(P<0.05)。结论基于流程化沟通模式的健康教育较常规护理能显著提高老年患者VEEG监测成功率,缓解其负性情绪,提高主动配合率及护理满意度。